In the Arabic language, there is a set of certain adjectives that are only this part of speech. This set includes adjectives such as: كَبِيرٌ, صَغِيرٌ, جَمِيلَةٌ.
In the event that we do not know the adjective, and we know a noun that could fit, then we are able to form a relative adjective ourselves. How to do it? We take a noun, for example عِلْمٌ (science) and add the ending of the relative noun – يٌّ – to it, and the adjective عِلْمِيٌّ (scientific (male)) arises. For feminine nouns, the ending ـةٌ is removed and the relative adjective ending is inserted in its place, for example: رِيَاضَةٌ (sport) – رِيَاضِيِّةٌ (sporty (female)) - رِيَضِيٌّ (sporty (male)).
All adjectives are after the noun!
But, what if the noun looks totally different? There are few ways how to copy with that problem!
- If a noun ends with ا - you have to remove it and add relative adjective ending - أُورُوبَا (Europe) - أورُوبِيٌّ (european (male)) - أورُوبِيَّةٌ (european (female))
- If a noun is defined by ال - you have to remove it and add relative adjectives ending - التِجَارَةُ (business) - تِجَارِيٌّ (business - adjective (male)) - تِجَارِيَّةٌ (business - adjective (female))
- If a noun ends with ء - you have to replace ء into و and then add relative adjective ending (sometimes ء is kept and it changes its form into ئ) - مَسَاءٌ (evening) - مَسَاوِيٌّ (nightly (male)) - مَسَاوِيَّةٌ (nightly (female))
- To nouns أَبٌ, أَخٌ, ثَمٌ, حَمٌ, ذُو you have to add و and then relative adjective ending (there isn't distinction to male-female forms, meaning is connected with "base" words) - أَبٌ (father) - أَبُوِيٌّ (paternal)
- In few nouns long vowel in word disapear - مَدِينَةٌ (city) - مَدِنِيٌّ (urban (male)) - مَدِنِيَّةٌ (urban (female))
